Ornamental enamel-ware.



.lOSIA-H nuenns AND JAMES neeewra; on EW Y R ,'N,;Y.', As'siegonfs ro rrgsngon otAD MANUFAQTURING.COMPANY, OF, SAME PLACE-e I 1 osNAMENTALEmmet -W RE,

SPECIFIGATIOKforining m or letters Patent No. 664,321, dated December 18,1900.

' 11 AplltdtlliiijledIune-Zl, 1899. smart. 721, 74. (Specimens) itiiizl 'w f it dweller-nil I 'Be'it known that we, JOSIAH HUGHES and seams Fr-"mcGownN, citizens of the'United States residing at New York, (Brooklyn,) in

the county of Kings and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ornamental Enamel-Ware, of which the following is 'a specification.

This invention relates to. enameled ware,-

and it more particularly relates to the marking or ornamentation of the same.

- "One object of the invention is to provide improved. ornamented ware having a varie-- gated appearance, and which .we' have designated, for the purpose of distinguishing it as colonial enamel-ware.

A further object of the invention is to provide an enameled" article having an appearance more nearly resembling that of mosaic or tessellated work than anything of its kind of which we are aware.

In'carrying our invention into practice the article to-be enameled may be first treated in the'ii'sual manner to preparethe surface for .th'eenamel, which usually includes the ordinary ground-coat. In some instances, if desired, this ground-coat may have incorporated with itthe'colored nameling materials here-' 'inafter specified. According 'to the present practice, however, the article to be ornament- I ed, having an ordinary ground-coat previl ously applied thereto, is then treated by being dipped or otherwise having applied thereto our improved enameling material. .The body of this enameling material may be made of the usual materials well known in the art and of anysuitable color, usually white or gray, and is of the consistency of paste or cream. 9 t

For the purpose of giving the variegated appearance to the'articleenameling materials in granulated oranalogous condition are mixed with this pasty body'; Each of these granulated enameling materials is prepared in a=substantrally similar manner to and of substantially the same kind of materials as those'comprising the pasty enameling body,

except for the addition of a coloring mate-i 5o rial,- which is usually iuoorporatedhefore the nickel, or both combined, it is brown.

ingredients are smelted, whereby when this takes place each enameling material assumes the color imparted to it by the coloring m'aterial. For instance, if oxid of cobalt is mixedwith the enameliug material'it is blue, ifoxid 'ofchrome or oxid of copper is mixed'therewith it is green, or if oxid of manganese or Other coloring materials may be used, if desired,

and the coloring ingredients may be incorporated With the enameling material at other stages than that specified, if preferred or found desirable in practice. These difierently-c'olored enameling materials when taken from the smelter are ground to the desired degree of fineness and are then mixed with the pasty enameling body, the variegated'appearance of the article being secured by mixing in the proper proportions'a plurality of diiferently-colored enameliug materials with the pasty body, thus making ami-xture of atleast three ditferently-colored materials, the basic mixture or body being in a pasty condition and of one color, usually white or gray,

and the two-colored materials of difierent colors-and in agranula-ted condition or composed of small particles, whereby they are held mechanically suspended in the pasty hedy'svithout dissolution thereiu,being maintained in such mechanical suspension after the mixture has been applied. to the article and until the fusing of the mixture in the furnace.

In. practice one colored enameling material may be of a difierent degree of fineness from another colored 'enameling material, so that the marks on the article in one color will be of a difierent area or larger than the marks of another color. Each colored enameling material may also have. parts thereof of different degrees of fineness, so that there will be difierent sizes of marks of the same color.

onthe article. For instance, if the pasty body is white and there is mixed therewith in a granulated condition a green enameling material, a brownenameling material, and a blue enameling material the particles of each material being of the same mesh or fineness) then the marks or spots of each will be of substantially the same size, but so interof difierent sizes, but all'so intermixed that of a different fineness or mesh from the others, then the marks or spots of one-as, for instance, the blue-will be of one size, while the marks or spots of the other colors will be an article is produced having a highly-deoorated variegated appearance. In practice, however, we have found that the most pleasing result is obtained by the mixing of two or more colored enameling materials,- one or each colored enameling material.

each having parts thereof of different meshes or degrees of fineness. For instance, we mix with the pasty bodywhich is usually white or gray-a blue enameling material in a granulated condition, a portion of which is of a different degree of fineness from another por- .tion thereof, this also being the case with the other'colored enameling materials which may be used, whereby there is provided an article which will have after being fired avaricgated appearance, due not only to the diiierent-colored enameling materials, but also due to the different areas of the marks or spots of 7 Various proportions, depending upon the character of the article desired, may be used, satisfactory results having been obtained by the use of six pounds of granulated materials to fifteen pounds of pasty materials, the colored granulated materials beingmixed in accordance with the color which it is desired shall predominate'in the article. This mixture, comprising the pasty body and the colored enameling materials thoroughly mixed with such body, is then applied to the article in any desired way-as, for. instance, by dipping the same therein-after which, with or without previous artificial drying, as may be best adapted for the purpose, the article is placed in the muffling-furnace, whereupon the fusing of the pasty body and of the mechanicallysuspended colored enameling particles takes place substantially simultaneously, so that the colored particles are fused with the body,

each particle or grain, however, substantially retaining its identity so far as its color is concorned, but no longer remaining in a granulated condition or in mechanical suspension, whereby the article, is provided with an extremely smooth and even surface having intermixed spots or marks of difierent colors and different areas. This fusing in the present case takes place substantially simultaneously, this-being due to the formation of the enameling materials, since while the colored enameling materials are in a granulated condition and the body in a pasty condition, neverthless as the various enameling materials are made in substantially the same way,

except as to the addition of the coloring materials and the grinding, they therefore fuseat the same degree of heat. NVhen the article is removed from the furnace, it will be found that the same has a highly-decorated and pleasing variegated appearance, the marks or spots of each color blending and intermixing in such manner as to give a superior finishfand an artistic and beautiful ,efiect to the article, which appearance is materially heightened by the different areas of the various spots or marks. 1

The appearance of the article when ornamented in the manner above set forth is unlike anything we have ever seen, it more nearly resembling fine tessellated or mosaic work, this especially being. the case when more than two colored enameling materials are intermixed with the pasty'body.

The term-color? or colored as used herein and in the claims is to be interpreted to mean white or black an'd as also including shades or tints, apd' the term body of one color is to be interpreted tomean as compared with the; colors used in connection therewith, but not necessarily a uniform or solid color. I H I I For the purpose of mofe clearly showing the distinction between the present invention and such of the prior art ashave a general analogy to this invention it is deemedbest to refer briefly to such prior art in so far as we are aware of the same. 1

. We are aware of a process in which the article is first highly heated andthen while in such a heatedcondition a mixture of two or more dry enamels is sifted thereon, such dry enamels being ground to anniform fineness. This process is different from the present invention in that our article is not heated for the purpose of applying a powdered enameling material, nor are dryenamels sifted thereon, nor are they of uniform fineness.

We are also aware of a processwhich consists in adding to a paste a granular enamel ground to a proper degree of fineness and having a fusibility greater than that of the paste. This process, however, does not involve the use of a plurality of colored enameling material, or colored enameling materials of different degrees of fineness, or a mixture'in which all parts thereof are fusible substantially simultaneously. .We are also aware of a ,process closely resembling the foregoing which consists in adding to a pasty enameling material a second enameling material ground to a condition similar to sand and having incorporated therewith a coloring material. In this instance, however, a plurality of colored enameling materials arenot used in connection with the pasty material, nor do such enameling materials have different degrees of fineness.

We are also aware of a process in which after the article is treated to one coat of enamcling material it is treated to a thin. glaze composed of any coloring material which can be made to remain mechanically suspended a short time in water and of such a character that the glaze will separate and coagulate in irregular spots.

In this process the coloring material is evidently of .-,a solvent character and is not adapted to remain "mechanically suspended in'an enameling material untilthe fusing of the articlejn'or areathecoloring enamels of diiferent.degreesoffineness; 'In fact, the coloring-matter used must be such as will permit" the "glaze to be a liquid, and this coloring-matteris not an enameling material, but merely an ingredient adapted to give color to the glaze, nor does the article have when produced a mosaic or tessellated appearance. Moreover, in the present process the enam eling mixture does not coagulate in irregular spots, nor are such spots of ya rying thickness, thus impairing the smoothness and' uniformity of the surface of the article. i a p In conclusion we are also aware of other processes in which, for instance, ox'id of iron is mechanically suspended in' an enameling material and is infusible therein; but none of them, however, have-the characteristics and advantages of the present invention, in which a plurality of colored enameling materials each having portions ofdifierent degrees of fineness are mixed in a pasty enameling body and remain mechanically-suspended therein until the fusing of the whole, all parts of which take place substantially simultaneously, whereby an improved ornamentalarticle is provided;

Having described our invention,we claim- 1. Enameled ware having a mosaic, tessellated, or variegated appearance, the surface of which comprises a body of enamel having incorporated and fused therein auenameling material of different colors.

' 2. Variegated enameled ware having a sur- Y 40 incorporated and fused therewith'a plurality of enameling materials ofa character to form spots or marks, and each such; material of a color different from such body and from each other.

3. Variegated enameled ware having a surface comprising a body of one color, having incorporated and fused therein a plurality of enameling materials of a character to form spots or marks, and each such material of a color diflferent from such body, and from each other, the spots or marks of one color having areas difl'erent from the spots or marks of its companion color or colors.

4r. Variegated enameled ware having a sun face comprising a body-oft one color, having incorporated and fused therewith a plurality of enameling materials of a character to form spots'or marks; and each such material of a color dilferent from such body and from each other, and the spots or marks of each one of the colors having dilferent areas.

5. Enameled ware having a mosaic, tessel lated, or variegated appearance, the surface of which comprises a body of enamel having incorporated and fused therewith an enameling material of dilferent colors and areas.

6. Variegated enameled ware having a sur- "face comprising a body of one color, having incorporatedand fused therewith an enameling material of diiferent colors to form spots or marks of different areas, some of such spots or marks having areas similar tothat ofa speck or peppergrain; and others of such spots having varying and materially increased areas.

JOSIAH HUGHES.

JAMES F. MGGOWAN,

Witnesses:

0. A. WEED, J. S. CLARK. 

